Old Coins

The inscription reads: Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Aug(usto) / divo Antonino Pio / L(ucius) Annius Matun / Anni Honorati lib(ertus) / ob honor(em) IIIIIIvir(atus) / p(osuit) d(edicavitque) This stone inscription, discovered in Volubilis, a Roman city in Morocco, was created and dedicated by Lucius Annius Maton, a Roman official who served as a prefect and local magistrate overseeing religious and public affairs in the city. The inscription reflects Lucius Annius Maton's gratitude and loyalty to his patron and benefactor Annius Honoratus, who aided his ascent from slavery to a prominent position. Annius Honoratus served as the editor of Emperor Antoninus Pius, who ruled from 138 to 161 AD. Antoninus Pius was renowned for his peaceful and prosperous reign, and his adoption of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus. The inscription, which reads "Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Aug(usto) / divo Antonino Pio / L(ucius) Annius Matun / Anni Honorati lib(ertus) / ob honor(em) IIIIIIvir(atus) / p(osuit) d...

  M(arco) Val(erio), Bostaris / f(ilio), Gal(eria tribe), Seuero,/aed(ili) , sufeti, II uir(o), / flamini primo I in municipio suo, / praef(ecto) auxilior(um) aduersus Aedemo/nem oppressum bello..." "To Marcus Valerius Severus, son of Bostar, of the tribe Galeria , aedile, suffet, duovir, first flamine in his municipality, prefect of the auxiliaries against Aedemon who was crushed during the war.. . This inscribed statue base from the Roman province of Mauritania Tingitana records the favours and rewards granted to the town of Volubilis by the emperor Claudius, following its support of Rome during a revolt by a local population. It is an important example of how the ‘benefits’ of Romanisation were extended to provincial communities, as well as being an interesting testimony of Claudius’s policy towards granting citizenship. The inscription states that Marcus Valerius Severus successfully won a series of benefits for the city of Volubilis and his fellow inhabitants there. In s...

 Latina:  : Aemiliae / D(ecimi) fil(iae) Sextinae / Viennensi bis flaminicae / ordo Volubilitanorum / ob eximiam eius probitatem et ma/riti sui Nammi Materni praef(ecti) cohor(tis) / Astur(um) et Callaecor(um ) merita locum / sepulchri inpensam funeris / statuam decrevit Nammius / Maternus contentus honore / inpens[am remisit s(ua) p(ecunia) pos]uit Aemilia, daughter of Decimus Sextinus Viennensis, Flaminica bis, in the order of the Volubilitans, for his exceptional probity and the merit of his mother Nammi Materna, perfected cohorts of the Astures and Callaeci, merits a place. The burden of the grave Nammius decreed. A statue to Maternal, contented with the honor, he remitted the burden with his own money The Volubilitans are in a safe place that comes to life in Fortuna. It is possible for your child to live, which can be attributed to good fortune and prospect. The name appears in Latin “volubilis”, which signifies “tournant” or “instable”. Fortuna était the Roman day of ch...

 i(berio) Claud(io) Caes(ari) Aug(usto)/divi(!) fil(io) Ger(manico) p(ontifici) m(aximo) trib(unicia) pot(estate)c/llll co(n)s(uli) llll desig(nato) lll imp(eratori) Vlll / p(atri) p(atriae) munic(ipium)c Volub(ilitanorum) im/petrata c(ivitate) R(omana) et conubio / et oneribus remissis / d(ecreto) d(ecurionum) d(edit) / M(arcus) Fadius Celer Flavianus / Maximus proc(urator) Aug(usti) pro leg(ato) / dedicavit Haec inscriptio est dedicatio ad Imperatorem Claudium a M. Fadio Celere Flaviano Maximo. Inscriptionem erexit municipe Volubilis ut elevationem urbis ad status municipium commemoraret. Inscriptionem sequentibus verbis continet: A Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus, filio divi Augusti, Germanico, pontifici maximo, tribunicia potestate quarta, consul tertium, consul designatus quartum, patri patriae, municipium Volubilis, civitate Romana impetrata, conubio et oneribus remissis, hunc lapidem decreto decurionum posuit. Marcus Fadius Celer Flavianus Maximus, procurator Augusti pro l...

MOROCCO   VOLUBILIS  Découverte en surface dans le secteur du Tumulus.  Fin du 2ème siècle avant J.C Calcaire  Stèle funéraire portant un motif identifié à un bouclier.  Il ne subsiste de l'inscription que les deux dernières lignes  :   《 Stèle qu'a voué [....] fils de [.....] le suffète qu'est mort dans une vieillesse heureuse à l'âge de 90 ans.  Il est originaire de QFGWD》.

Ancient Rome began as a settlement, usually from 753 BC, beside the Tiber River on the Italian peninsula. The settlement developed into the city and country of Rome , and it controlled its neighbors through a combination of deals and military power. It finally overshadowed the Italian outcrop, and bought a domain that captured much of Europe and the countries that included the Mediterranean. It was among the largest empires in the ancient world, with an expected 50 to 90 million inhabitants, generally 20% of the total population at that point. It covered about 1.9 million square miles when it expanded in the year 117 . The Roman state evolved from an elected monarchy to a classic democratic republic and then to an increasingly semi-elected military dictatorship over the course of the field. Through conquest and cultural and linguistic assimilation, it held in place the coast of North Africa, Egypt, southern Europe, most of Western Europe, the Balkans, Crimea, much of the Middle...

What do the letters engraved on the coins of the Roman Empire mean and how do we know them? In addition to the name of the emperor, ancient Roman coins were often included in their titles, and their words are short and these abbreviations have a strong regularity, after mastering the following twenty abbreviations, and then recognizing the names of the emperors, almost all of questions. Here we are trying to understand and know these acronyms SC These are the most common letters The value of the name of the emperor in the copper coin of the Roman Empire is higher than its metal value, which is different from silver and gold coins. Its value is guaranteed by order of the Senate Senatus Consulto or SC. Almost all copper coins made before the late 3rd century AD have the letters "SC" on the reverse. The letters SC on these coins have only slight differences in size and weight, and few changes in other coins. There is no SC on the Roman Bronze Medal, coin...

AVG meaning : AUGVSTVS , AVGVSTA = emperor, empress AVGG : AVGVSTORVM = emperors (plural genitive) CAES : CAESAR = emperor COS : CONSVL = consul D: DIVVS , DIVA = deified DAC, DAC CAP = who defeated the Dacians for the first and Dacie captive for the second F: FILIVS = son FIL: FILIA = daughter GER : GERMANICVS = winner of the Germans IMP: IMPERATOR = victorious general P M : PONTIFEX MAXIMVS = grand pontiff P P: PATER PATRIAE = father of the homeland S C : SENATVS CONSVLTO = by decree of the senate TR P : TRIBVNICIA POTESTAS = tributary power, renewed every year SPQR: SENATVS POPULI = the senate and the people of Rome

As per History Augustus, Hadrian shows a solid tendency for ladies and young fellows. He likewise keeps a pederastic relationship: his affection for Antinoüs (or Antinoos), a young fellow from Bithynia, is popular. Yet, in 130, Antinoüs suffocated in the Nile in baffling conditions. Hadrian has it addressed ordinarily in sculptures, some of which have come down to us and permit us to give a face to the well known Bithynian. In 130, he additionally established, in his honor, the city of Antinoe in Egypt. This relationship filled in as a contention to his foes. The history specialist Sextus Aurelius Victor (passed on later 390) writes in his Book of Caesars, part XIV, almost 250 years after the fact, when the relations among men and ephebes become undesirable: "We (Hadrian) at last saw him searching for, with circumspect concern, every one of the refinements of extravagance and joy. From that point on 1,000 reports circled to his disgrace: he was blamed for having vilified the hon...

Marcus Aurelius  in Latin: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus is a sovereign, indifferent rationalist and Roman author conceived April 26, 121 in Rome and passed on Walk 17, 180 in Sirmione (as per Tertullian) or in Vindobona. He is the remainder of the rulers known as the "Five Great Sovereigns" and the last Head of Pax Romana, a period of relative harmony and solidness for the Roman Realm. He was Roman diplomat in 140 , 145 and 161 . Marcus Aurelius was brought into the world during the rule of Hadrian . He is the child of praetor Marcus Annius Verus and beneficiary Domitia Lucilla Minor. His dad passed on when he was as yet a kid and Marcus Aurelius was raised by his mom and his granddads. Later the passing of Hadrian's taken on child, Lucius Aelius, in 138 , the sovereign embraced Marcus Aurelius' uncle, Antoninus Pius, as his new beneficiary. Antoninus thusly embraces Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Aurelius Verus, the child of Aelius. Hadrian kicked the bucket that year...

Publius Aelius Hadrianus , known as Hadrian (Imperator Cæsar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, in Latin), conceived January 24, 76 in Italica (close to Seville) and kicked the bucket July 10, 138 in Baïes, is a Roman ruler of the Antonine tradition. He succeeded Trajan in 117 and reigned until his demise in 138. Educated ruler, artist and scholar with a tranquil standing, he broke with the expansionist approach of his archetype, endeavoring to placate and officially structure the Domain, advance by solidifying once in a while permeable lines The primary sources on his daily routine and rule are the Experiences of the Caesars by Congressperson Marius Maximus and the Historical backdrop of Rome by Dion Cassius. Both composed toward the start of the third century, roughly a century later the rule of Hadrian. The main work, composed after the Existence of the Twelve Caesars by Suetonius, has now vanished; it is extensively taken up, in an exceptionally dense structure, by the Existence of...

  VOLUBILIS     MOROCCO   The porcelain industry was flourishing,it is not without a house of these ceramic pots,used to store oil,to store wine and water,how sweet and cold especially the summer days.porcelain was necessary for life.                    Amphora Beltran2B Amphorae of olive oil.Dated between the years 15 and 150 . Amphora Dressel 20 Amphorae of olive oil  Dated between the years 50 and 70 . Cup                                                             Terra sigillata african red sleep ware pottery,form Hays 8A  Dated between the years  75 and   160 . Cup Terra sigillata african red sleep ware pottery form hayes 16  Dated between the years 150  an...

  VOLUBILS      MOROCCO                         A very long history The history of Volubilis covers more than ten centuries,the first core of the city,dated from the 2 nd century BC,equipped with a regular plan an perhaps an enclosure,extends over twelve hectares,it belongs then to the kingdom of Mauritania,but the vestiges of this period were most often destroyed or covered, After the assassaination of king Ptolemy  And the annexation of the kingdom by the Roman Empire in 40 AD. The city elevated to the rank of municipality has an important extention .During the reign of Marcus Aurelius  168-169  AD New urban enclosure encompasses forty hectares. In the 2 nd and  3 rd century,the monumental quarter is reorganized and a triumphal arch is erected in honor of Emperor Caracalla his mother Julia Which exempts the inhabitants from taxe,an...