old coins

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What does IMP CAES NERVA TRAIAN AVG GERM

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AVG meaning : AUGVSTVS , AVGVSTA = emperor, empress AVGG : AVGVSTORVM = emperors (plural genitive) CAES : CAESAR = emperor COS : CONSVL = consul D: DIVVS , DIVA = deified DAC, DAC CAP = who defeated the Dacians for the first and Dacie captive for the second F: FILIVS = son FIL: FILIA = daughter GER : GERMANICVS = winner of the Germans IMP: IMPERATOR = victorious general P M : PONTIFEX MAXIMVS = grand pontiff P P: PATER PATRIAE = father of the homeland S C : SENATVS CONSVLTO = by decree of the senate TR P : TRIBVNICIA POTESTAS = tributary power, renewed every year SPQR: SENATVS POPULI = the senate and the people of Rome
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This inscribed statue base from the Roman province of Mauritania Tingitana Marco Valerio Bostaris

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  M(arco) Val(erio), Bostaris / f(ilio), Gal(eria tribe), Seuero,/aed(ili) , sufeti, II uir(o), / flamini primo I in municipio suo, / praef(ecto) auxilior(um) aduersus Aedemo/nem oppressum bello..." "To Marcus Valerius Severus, son of Bostar, of the tribe Galeria , aedile, suffet, duovir, first flamine in his municipality, prefect of the auxiliaries against Aedemon who was crushed during the war.. . This inscribed statue base from the Roman province of Mauritania Tingitana records the favours and rewards granted to the town of Volubilis by the emperor Claudius, following its support of Rome during a revolt by a local population. It is an important example of how the ‘benefits’ of Romanisation were extended to provincial communities, as well as being an interesting testimony of Claudius’s policy towards granting citizenship. The inscription states that Marcus Valerius Severus successfully won a series of benefits for the city of Volubilis and his fellow inhabitants there. In s...
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How was Rome founded?

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Ancient Rome began as a settlement, usually from 753 BC, beside the Tiber River on the Italian peninsula. The settlement developed into the city and country of Rome , and it controlled its neighbors through a combination of deals and military power. It finally overshadowed the Italian outcrop, and bought a domain that captured much of Europe and the countries that included the Mediterranean. It was among the largest empires in the ancient world, with an expected 50 to 90 million inhabitants, generally 20% of the total population at that point. It covered about 1.9 million square miles when it expanded in the year 117 . The Roman state evolved from an elected monarchy to a classic democratic republic and then to an increasingly semi-elected military dictatorship over the course of the field. Through conquest and cultural and linguistic assimilation, it held in place the coast of North Africa, Egypt, southern Europe, most of Western Europe, the Balkans, Crimea, much of the Middle...
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